From mine to market

Cobalt sector map

Follow the documented connections between mining sites, producers, traders and refiners.

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● Mining sites■ Actors⬡ Initiative

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Reported means the cited source describes the relationship at its evidence date. Historical relationships refer to an earlier period. Announced agreements may not have been implemented. None of these labels confirms that trade continues today.

The map opens on documented connections. 16 additional sites and actors have no relationship documented yet; all remain searchable below and in the directories.

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106 sites and actors · 117 relationships in this view

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Documented relationships

Bloom by IMPACT Her Security
Reported · Evidence as of 2025-02
Supports
Supports implementation.
1 source
1. Her Security: Promoting Due Diligence and Improving Women’s Security ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2025-02 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The implementation of the project is supported by the Responsible Minerals Initiative and Bloom by IMPACT.
  PDF p.1 funding; p.7 In Collaboration With and implementation support
Bon Pasteur Kolwezi Her Security
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-17
Supports
Local implementing partner.
2 sources
1. Her Security: Promoting Due Diligence and Improving Women’s Security ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2025-02 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The implementation of the project is supported by the Responsible Minerals Initiative and Bloom by IMPACT.
  PDF p.1 EU funding; p.7 About the Implementing Partners and In Collaboration With; p.8 Canadian headquarters
2. Her Security ↗
  IMPACT · Checked 2026-09-17
  Bon Pasteur, EITI-DRC
  Project dates 2024–2028; Partners section; What We Are Doing
Bon Pasteur Kolwezi Her Security — Phase 1
Historical · Evidence as of 2023
Supports
Partnered on cobalt-community research.
2 sources
1. Her Security: Women’s Security as a Pathway to Improved Livelihoods ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2022-06 · Checked 2026-09-17
  through the Responsible Business Alliance Foundation.
  PDF pp.2–3: Lualaba field research, implementing partners and final funding paragraph
2. Her Security – Phase 1 ↗
  IMPACT · Checked 2026-09-17
  Bon Pasteur, Good Shepherd International Foundation
  Project Date (Start)/(End), 2022–2023; Partners section
Congo Dongfang International Mining (CDM)Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt
Historical · Evidence as of 2016-01-19
Reported supply
Amnesty documented cobalt hydroxide processed in Lubumbashi and shipped to Huayou in Zhejiang via Durban, citing company documents through 2014.
1 source
1. This is what we die for: Human rights abuses in the DRC power the global trade in cobalt ↗
  Amnesty International and Afrewatch · Published 2016-01-19 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM is a wholly and directly owned subsidiary of Huayou Cobalt.
  Printed page 52 (PDF page 52), From Congo to China; printed page 56 (PDF page 56), battery-component clients. Historical evidence cites 2013–2014 company documents.
Chemaf Etoile
Reported · Evidence as of 2022-01-19
Operates
The January 2022 announcement identified Chemaf as operator of the Etoile assets receiving processing expansion finance.
1 source
1. Shalina Resources concludes financing and marketing transaction with Trafigura ↗
  Trafigura · Published 2022-01-19 · Checked 2026-09-16
  The agreements also provide for the marketing by Trafigura of all the cobalt hydroxide produced from these assets operated by Chemaf,
  Press release paragraphs 1–5 and About Shalina Resources; assets identified as Mutoshi and Etoile in paragraph 2.
Chemaf Mutoshi
Reported · Evidence as of 2022-01-19
Operates
Chemaf was identified as the operator developing the mechanised Mutoshi mine in the January 2022 announcement.
2 sources
1. Shalina Resources concludes financing and marketing transaction with Trafigura ↗
  Trafigura · Published 2022-01-19 · Checked 2026-09-16
  The agreements also provide for the marketing by Trafigura of all the cobalt hydroxide produced from these assets operated by Chemaf,
  Press release paragraphs 1–5 and About Shalina Resources; assets identified as Mutoshi and Etoile in paragraph 2.
2. Trafigura Responsibility Report 2018 ↗
  Trafigura · Published 2018 · Checked 2026-09-16
  In 2018, Trafigura signed a three-year cobalt hydroxide marketing agreement with mining company, Chemaf.
  Printed page 21 (PDF page 23), From ASM to semi-mechanised mining at Mutoshi Cobalt; following paragraphs describe COMIAKOL and Pact roles.
Chemaf Etoile
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-07-29
Operates
Chemaf retains the Etoile operation; the plant was reported shut in July 2026. OPERATES identifies responsibility, not active production.
4 sources
1. Etoile Mine ↗
  Chemaf · Checked 2026-09-16
  Etoile is one of the largest open-cast copper-cobalt mining operations in the DRC.
  Etoile Mine overview
2. Completion of acquisition of the CHEMAF Group by Virtus Lloyds Minerals Holding ↗
  Lloyds Metals and Energy · Published 2026-03-30 · Checked 2026-09-16
  VLMH has completed the acquisition 100% equity stake of the CHEMAF Group Limited
  PDF p1 completion and Cayman incorporation; pp3–5 acquired group, Chemaf SA, Etoile operating and Mutoshi construction; p4 designated operator LMEL.
3. US-backed DRC miner strikes deal to cut debt ↗
  Semafor · Published 2026-07-29 · Checked 2026-09-16
  The miner remains out of production, with Etoile, its main operating plant near Lubumbashi, still shut
  Know More, final paragraph. Earlier paragraph describes unfinished Mutoshi. Independent reporter reviewed company documents and interviewed workers’ union.
4. Congo (Kinshasa): 2024 mineral industry report ↗
  USGS · Checked 2026-09-16
  Kamoto Copper Co., a joint venture between Katanga Mining Ltd. (a subsidiary of Glencore plc.) and Gécamines
  2024 Report > Commodity Review > Cobalt and Copper, paragraphs by operator
Chemaf Trafigura
Historical · Evidence as of 2018 · From 2018
Offtake agreement
A three-year cobalt hydroxide marketing agreement was signed in 2018; this is a historical contract record.
1 source
1. Trafigura Responsibility Report 2018 ↗
  Trafigura · Published 2018 · Checked 2026-09-16
  In 2018, Trafigura signed a three-year cobalt hydroxide marketing agreement with mining company, Chemaf.
  Printed page 21 (PDF page 23), From ASM to semi-mechanised mining at Mutoshi Cobalt; following paragraphs describe COMIAKOL and Pact roles.
Chemaf Trafigura
Announced · Evidence as of 2022-01-19 · From 2022-01-19
Offtake agreement
The 2022 financing announcement assigned Trafigura marketing of cobalt hydroxide from Mutoshi and Etoile, expected through end 2027. It does not verify current execution or shipments.
1 source
1. Shalina Resources concludes financing and marketing transaction with Trafigura ↗
  Trafigura · Published 2022-01-19 · Checked 2026-09-16
  The agreements also provide for the marketing by Trafigura of all the cobalt hydroxide produced from these assets operated by Chemaf,
  Press release paragraphs 1–5 and About Shalina Resources; assets identified as Mutoshi and Etoile in paragraph 2.
CMBRD Mutoshi — artisanal workings
Historical · Evidence as of 2025-05
Operates
Listed as a cooperative working this site in the May 2025 table; this does not imply exclusive control or ownership.
1 source
1. Contribution à la mobilisation des ressources domestiques au travers de l’amélioration de la gouvernance de la filière artisanale cuivre-cobalt ↗
  ITIE-RDC / EITI · Published 2025-11 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM et THOMAS sont les principaux acheteurs des produits de Kasulo.
  Printed p.186, Table 27, row 5 in Mutoshi group; p.254, Annex II, rows 36 and 46.
CMDS Kamilombe
Historical · Evidence as of 2025-05
Operates
Listed as a cooperative working this site in the May 2025 table; this does not imply exclusive control or ownership.
2 sources
1. Contribution à la mobilisation des ressources domestiques au travers de l’amélioration de la gouvernance de la filière artisanale cuivre-cobalt ↗
  ITIE-RDC / EITI · Published 2025-11 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM et THOMAS sont les principaux acheteurs des produits de Kasulo.
  Printed p.186, Table 27, row 7 (CMDS / Kamilombe).
2. Local Partners ↗
  Fair Cobalt Alliance · Checked 2026-09-16
  artisanal miners from the Kapata community, who work at the Kamilombe mine site.
  Our Partners / CMDS, fifth paragraph, direct day-to-day operator statement.
CMEJL Kawama Papsy
Historical · Evidence as of 2025-07-15
Operates
Cooperative-site association explicitly recorded in the 2025 report; no exclusive operating right is inferred.
1 source
1. Contribution à la mobilisation des ressources domestiques au travers de l’amélioration de la gouvernance de la filière artisanale cuivre-cobalt ↗
  ITIE-RDC / EITI · Published 2025-11 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM et THOMAS sont les principaux acheteurs des produits de Kasulo.
  Printed p.254, Annex II, row 44.
CMOC Group IXM
Reported · Evidence as of 2025
Owns
CMOC described IXM as wholly owned in 2022; IXM’s 2025 presentation also identifies it as part of the group.
2 sources
1. Delegation of IXM and international banks visit TFM ↗
  CMOC · Published 2022-05-25 · Checked 2026-09-16
  IXM is a leading global metal trader wholly owned by CMOC and is responsible for selling all of TFM's copper and cobalt products.
  Main article paragraph 1; paragraph 4 discusses warehouse traceability and product arrival at IXM.
2. IXM Corporate Presentation 2025 ↗
  IXM · Published 2025 · Checked 2026-09-16
  IXM is part of the CMOC group
  Printed page 6 (PDF page 4), Introduction; pp. 10, 14–18 and 26 describe cobalt trading, geographic footprint, initiatives and logistics.
CMOC Group Kisanfu (KFM)
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-16
Owns
CMOC reports a 71.25% interest in KFM.
1 source
1. The DRC: copper and cobalt ↗
  CMOC · Checked 2026-09-16
  CMOC holds an 80% stake in the TFM copper-cobalt mine and a 71.25% stake in the KFM copper-cobalt mine
  Business operations; Copper and cobalt mines in the DRC
CMOC Group Tenke Fungurume (TFM)
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-16
Owns
CMOC reports an 80% interest in TFM.
1 source
1. The DRC: copper and cobalt ↗
  CMOC · Checked 2026-09-16
  CMOC holds an 80% stake in the TFM copper-cobalt mine and a 71.25% stake in the KFM copper-cobalt mine
  Business operations; Copper and cobalt mines in the DRC
China Nonferrous Metal Mining Group (CNMC)Deziwa
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-16
Owns
CNMC presents Deziwa as its copper-cobalt investment; the edge does not assert sole ownership.
2 sources
1. Deziwa mining project in the DRC ↗
  CNMC · Published 2026-01-05 · Checked 2026-09-16
  The Deziwa mining project in the DRC is CNMC's largest standalone overseas copper-cobalt investment
  Resource Development; Deziwa mining project
2. Workers’ Rights Under Scrutiny ↗
  RAID / CAJJ · Published 2025-07-17 · Checked 2026-09-16
  China Nonferrous Metal Mining Company’s Somidez mine
  Second paragraph listing six operations and groups
CODMCO ESPOIR Kasulo — artisanal zone
Historical · Evidence as of 2025-07-15
Operates
Cooperative-site association explicitly recorded in the 2025 report; no exclusive operating right is inferred.
1 source
1. Contribution à la mobilisation des ressources domestiques au travers de l’amélioration de la gouvernance de la filière artisanale cuivre-cobalt ↗
  ITIE-RDC / EITI · Published 2025-11 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM et THOMAS sont les principaux acheteurs des produits de Kasulo.
  Printed p.171, Kasulo paragraph; p.253, Annex II, row 30.
COMAKAT Kawama Shabara
Historical · Evidence as of 2025-05
Operates
Listed as a cooperative working this site in the May 2025 table; this does not imply exclusive control or ownership.
1 source
1. Contribution à la mobilisation des ressources domestiques au travers de l’amélioration de la gouvernance de la filière artisanale cuivre-cobalt ↗
  ITIE-RDC / EITI · Published 2025-11 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM et THOMAS sont les principaux acheteurs des produits de Kasulo.
  Printed p.186, Table 27, row 6; also p.254, Annex II, row 43.
COMIAKOL Mutoshi — artisanal workings
Historical · Evidence as of 2025-05
Operates
Listed as a cooperative working this site in the May 2025 table; this does not imply exclusive control or ownership.
1 source
1. Contribution à la mobilisation des ressources domestiques au travers de l’amélioration de la gouvernance de la filière artisanale cuivre-cobalt ↗
  ITIE-RDC / EITI · Published 2025-11 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM et THOMAS sont les principaux acheteurs des produits de Kasulo.
  Printed p.186, Table 27, row 4 in Mutoshi group; p.254, Annex II, rows 36 and 46.
COMIAKOL Mutoshi artisanal pilot (2018–2020)
Historical · Evidence as of 2020-06-22 · From 2018-01 · Until 2020-03
Operates
COMIAKOL worked as mining contractor within the Mutoshi artisanal pilot, not across the whole concession. Pilot operations were suspended in March 2020.
4 sources
1. The Mutoshi pilot project: Local economic impact of a project aimed at formalizing artisanal and small-scale mining ↗
  Pact · Published 2019-12-03 · Checked 2026-09-16
  A pilot project was initiated in January 2018 and is ongoing.
  Report landing-page introduction; names Trafigura, Chemaf, COMIAKOL and Pact as participants. Report commissioned by Trafigura: not independent corroboration of the sponsor.
2. Update on Mutoshi Pilot Project ↗
  Pact · Published 2020-06-22 · Checked 2026-09-16
  operations at the Mutoshi Pilot Project were suspended in March 2020.
  Only article paragraph; reports still closed on publication date.
3. Trafigura Annual Report 2021 ↗
  Trafigura · Published 2021 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Trafigura also continues to supply its customers with cobalt hydroxide from its long-term commercial collaborator Shalina Resources
  Printed page 24 (PDF page 26), Cobalt; also states Mutoshi pilot did not restart in 2021.
4. Trafigura Responsibility Report 2018 ↗
  Trafigura · Published 2018 · Checked 2026-09-16
  In 2018, Trafigura signed a three-year cobalt hydroxide marketing agreement with mining company, Chemaf.
  Printed page 21 (PDF page 23), From ASM to semi-mechanised mining at Mutoshi Cobalt; following paragraphs describe COMIAKOL and Pact roles.
COMIAU Mutoshi — artisanal workings
Historical · Evidence as of 2025-05
Operates
Listed as a cooperative working this site in the May 2025 table; this does not imply exclusive control or ownership.
1 source
1. Contribution à la mobilisation des ressources domestiques au travers de l’amélioration de la gouvernance de la filière artisanale cuivre-cobalt ↗
  ITIE-RDC / EITI · Published 2025-11 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM et THOMAS sont les principaux acheteurs des produits de Kasulo.
  Printed p.186, Table 27, row 3 in Mutoshi group; p.254, Annex II, rows 36 and 46.
COMIBAKAT Tilwezembe — artisanal workings
Historical · Evidence as of 2025-05
Operates
Listed as a cooperative working this site in the May 2025 table; this does not imply exclusive control or ownership.
1 source
1. Contribution à la mobilisation des ressources domestiques au travers de l’amélioration de la gouvernance de la filière artisanale cuivre-cobalt ↗
  ITIE-RDC / EITI · Published 2025-11 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM et THOMAS sont les principaux acheteurs des produits de Kasulo.
  Printed p.186, Table 27, row 2.
COMIKU Kasulo — artisanal zone
Historical · Evidence as of 2025-07-15
Operates
Cooperative-site association explicitly recorded in the 2025 report; no exclusive operating right is inferred.
1 source
1. Contribution à la mobilisation des ressources domestiques au travers de l’amélioration de la gouvernance de la filière artisanale cuivre-cobalt ↗
  ITIE-RDC / EITI · Published 2025-11 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM et THOMAS sont les principaux acheteurs des produits de Kasulo.
  Printed p.171, Kasulo paragraph; p.253, Annex II, row 30.
COMMUS Kolwezi (COMMUS)
Historical · Evidence as of 2024
Operates
COMMUS is the operator identified in independent accounts of the Kolwezi mine.
2 sources
1. Powering Change or Business as Usual? ↗
  Amnesty International / IBGDH · Published 2023-09-12 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Mutoshi is a copper and cobalt mining project, north-east of Kolwezi.
  pp.6–7 executive summary; COMMUS, Chemaf and Metalkol; company responses in annex
2. Congo (Kinshasa): 2024 mineral industry report ↗
  USGS · Checked 2026-09-16
  Kamoto Copper Co., a joint venture between Katanga Mining Ltd. (a subsidiary of Glencore plc.) and Gécamines
  2024 Report > Commodity Review > Cobalt and Copper, paragraphs by operator
CNGR Advanced Material LG Chem
Announced · Evidence as of 2023-03-23
Offtake agreement
CNGR announced a signed long-term ternary-precursor supply contract with LG Chem, following a visit to its NCM workshop. The release does not disclose delivery quantities or a mine origin.
1 source
1. CNGR signed a long-term purchase and sale contract with South Korea's LG Chem ↗
  CNGR · Published 2023-03-23 · Checked 2026-09-17
  signed the long-term purchase and sale contract for ternary precursors
  Main text opening and contract paragraph (lines 47,54), NCM workshop reference (line 48), China address footer (line 65).
EcoPro BM Samsung SDI
Announced · Evidence as of 2023-12-04
Offtake agreement
EcoPro BM's corporate history and contemporary reporting record a cathode-material contract with Samsung SDI covering 2024–2028; trade reporting identifies NCA chemistry.
3 sources
1. EcoPro BM history ↗
  EcoPro BM · Checked 2026-09-17
  EcoProBM Enters Long-Term Supply Contract With Samsung SDI for Cathode Materials
  History, December2023; August2024 GEM MoU; footer Korea address.
2. EcoPro & Samsung SDI sign cathode materials deal ↗
  electrive · Published 2023-12-04 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The supply agreement is valid from 2024 to 2028
  First two main paragraphs; NCA chemistry and worldwide Samsung plants.
3. EcoPro BM secures deal as Samsung SDI's cathode supplier ↗
  Korea JoongAng Daily · Published 2023-12-03 · Checked 2026-09-17
  An accumulated 200,000 tons of cathodes were supplied to Samsung SDI until 2023, EcoPro BM said.
  Opening contract paragraph and historical deliveries paragraph; company-attributed, not independent volume audit.
Electra Battery Materials LG Energy Solution
Announced · Evidence as of 2026-03-10 · From 2026-03-06
Offtake agreement
A March 6 binding term sheet updated cobalt-sulfate supply to 60% of planned refinery output through 2029, with an extension option to 2032. Commercial production was targeted for late 2027.
2 sources
1. Electra Secures 100% of Cobalt Feedstock Required for Refinery Commissioning and Ramp-Up ↗
  Electra Battery Materials · Published 2026-08-20 · Checked 2026-09-17
  an extension of its cobalt hydroxide feed purchase agreement with Glencore AG
  Opening two paragraphs; Highlights; LGES paragraph and commissioning schedule.
2. Electra and LG Energy Solution Update Multi-Year Cobalt Supply Agreement ↗
  Electra Battery Materials · Published 2026-03-10 · Checked 2026-09-17
  a firm commitment for 60% of Electra’s cobalt sulfate production through to 2029
  Opening paragraph (term sheet dated March 6); updated agreement and construction schedule paragraphs.
Eurasian Resources Group (ERG)Electra Battery Materials
Historical · Evidence as of 2024-04-02 · From 2024-04-01
Offtake agreement
A binding letter of intent effective April 1, 2024 proposed 3,000 tonnes of contained cobalt annually for three years. Its original 2026 start predates Electra's subsequently revised commissioning schedule.
2 sources
1. Electra and Eurasian Resources Group Sign Cobalt Supply Agreement ↗
  Electra Battery Materials · Published 2024-04-02 · Checked 2026-09-17
  Cobalt will come from ERG’s Metalkol operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  Opening binding-LOI paragraph and first/third bullets.
2. Electra Secures 100% of Cobalt Feedstock Required for Refinery Commissioning and Ramp-Up ↗
  Electra Battery Materials · Published 2026-08-20 · Checked 2026-09-17
  an extension of its cobalt hydroxide feed purchase agreement with Glencore AG
  Opening two paragraphs; Highlights; LGES paragraph and commissioning schedule.
Eurasian Resources Group (ERG)EVelution Energy
Announced · Evidence as of 2023-10-11
Proposed supply to
A preliminary five-year agreement envisaged up to 3,000 tonnes of contained cobalt annually. It is proposed feedstock supply, not evidence of delivery; EVelution's later schedule places facility completion in 2029.
2 sources
1. EVelution Energy Inks Five-Year Supply Agreement for its Cobalt Processing Facility with Eurasian Resources Group ↗
  EVelution Energy · Published 2023-10-11 · Checked 2026-09-17
  ERG plans to supply cobalt hydroxide from its flagship Metalkol production facility in the DRC.
  First three paragraphs; agreement explicitly preliminary.
2. EVelution Energy Secured a Cobalt Metal Offtake Agreement with Mitsui & Co. ↗
  EVelution Energy · Published 2026-04-28 · Checked 2026-09-17
  the signing of a binding long-term offtake agreement with Mitsui & Co., Ltd.
  Opening three paragraphs; Strengthening Allied Industrial Cooperation construction schedule.
Eurasian Resources Group (ERG)Mechema Chemicals International
Announced · Evidence as of 2024-04-09
Proposed supply to
A three-party memorandum explored ERG cobalt hydroxide supply to a new Mechema refinery. Metalkol was named as intended origin; feasibility and commercial arrangements remained prospective.
1 source
1. Eurasian Resources Group Inks MoU to Supply Cobalt to Japanese market with Mechema and Marubeni ↗
  Eurasian Resources Group · Published 2024-04-09 · Checked 2026-09-17
  Mechema will conduct a feasibility study into the construction of a new cobalt refining plant
  PDF p.1, opening three body paragraphs: ERG feed, Mechema refining, Marubeni distribution study.
EVelution Energy Mitsui & Co.
Announced · Evidence as of 2026-04-28
Offtake agreement
EVelution announced a binding five-year agreement for Mitsui to buy most planned cobalt-metal output, up to 3,000 tonnes annually. Construction was scheduled for 2027 and completion for late 2029.
1 source
1. EVelution Energy Secured a Cobalt Metal Offtake Agreement with Mitsui & Co. ↗
  EVelution Energy · Published 2026-04-28 · Checked 2026-09-17
  the signing of a binding long-term offtake agreement with Mitsui & Co., Ltd.
  Opening three paragraphs; Strengthening Allied Industrial Cooperation construction schedule.
GEM EcoPro
Announced · Evidence as of 2022-03-28
Proposed supply to
GEM and EcoPro announced a memorandum envisaging 700,000 tonnes of NCA/NCM precursors during 2023–2026. The group-level memorandum does not prove shipment volumes.
1 source
1. GEM & ECOPRO QMB equity and precursor supply MOU signing ↗
  GEM · Published 2022-03-28 · Checked 2026-09-17
  an MOU of the supply of NCA&NCM high-nickel ternary precursor materials from 2023 to 2026.
  Opening paragraph and 700,000-tonne precursor commitment paragraph; not cobalt-metal volume.
GEM EcoPro BM
Announced · Evidence as of 2024-08-19
Proposed supply to
A memorandum envisaged an additional 265,000 tonnes of precursors in 2025–2028, drawing on GEM's QMB Indonesian project. It neither establishes DRC cobalt origin nor actual fulfilment.
2 sources
1. EcoPro BM history ↗
  EcoPro BM · Checked 2026-09-17
  EcoProBM Enters Long-Term Supply Contract With Samsung SDI for Cathode Materials
  History, December2023; August2024 GEM MoU; footer Korea address.
2. GEM and South Korea's EcoPro BM Forge 265,000-Ton Precursor Supply Agreement ↗
  GEM · Published 2024-08-19 · Checked 2026-09-17
  EcoPro BM will additionally purchase 265,000 tons of precursors from GEM
  Opening MoU paragraph; purchasing paragraph (2025–2028); QMB fulfilment paragraph.
GEM EcoPro BM
Reported · Evidence as of 2024-06-30
Reported supply
GEM's first-half 2024 contract table reports RMB1.92 billion executed with EcoPro BM for high-nickel NCA/NCM precursors. This reports execution in that period, not the later memorandum's fulfilment.
1 source
1. GEM Co., Ltd. 2024 Semi-Annual Report ↗
  GEM · Published 2024-08 · Checked 2026-09-17
  Crude cobalt hydroxide raw materials
  Printed pages 86–88, Section 4 Other material contracts: EcoPro BM and Glencore International AG rows; executed amounts during reporting period.
GEM XTC New Energy Materials (Xiamen)
Announced · Evidence as of 2022-07-20
Offtake agreement
A development and supply agreement envisaged 455,000–540,000 tonnes of precursors in 2023–2027. Its portfolio explicitly included low-cobalt and cobalt-free products; total contract volume is not cobalt-bearing volume.
1 source
1. GEM announcement 2022-080: new-generation ternary precursors development and supply agreement with XTC ↗
  GEM · Published 2022-07-20 · Checked 2026-09-17
  From 2023 to 2027, Party B will supply 455-540,000 tons of ternary precursor products to Party A.
  PDF pp.1–3 overview and product definition; p.12 prior Jingmen GEM cobalt-tetroxide framework. Final page year 2002 is a source typo; opening gives July20,2022.
Glencore Electra Battery Materials
Announced · Evidence as of 2026-08-20
Offtake agreement
Electra extended its cobalt-feedstock purchase agreement with Glencore AG through 2031. Commissioning and ramp-up supply was secured through 2027; the Canadian refinery remained under development.
1 source
1. Electra Secures 100% of Cobalt Feedstock Required for Refinery Commissioning and Ramp-Up ↗
  Electra Battery Materials · Published 2026-08-20 · Checked 2026-09-17
  an extension of its cobalt hydroxide feed purchase agreement with Glencore AG
  Opening two paragraphs; Highlights; LGES paragraph and commissioning schedule.
Glencore EVelution Energy
Announced · Evidence as of 2024-04-02
Proposed supply to
A letter of intent envisaged cobalt feedstock for EVelution's planned US facility. Final supply terms remained under negotiation; DRC facilities were mentioned without naming a particular mine.
1 source
1. EVelution Energy and Glencore Sign a Letter of Intent to Supply EVelution’s U.S. Cobalt Processing Facility ↗
  EVelution Energy · Published 2024-04-02 · Checked 2026-09-17
  Glencore and EVelution are finalizing the terms of a long-term supply agreement
  Under the LOI paragraphs and Ash Lazenby quotation; supply and possible reverse offtake remain proposals.
Glencore GEM
Reported · Evidence as of 2024-06-30
Reported supply
GEM's first-half 2024 contract table reports RMB1.04 billion executed under a December 2020 cobalt-hydroxide agreement with Glencore International AG. The table groups GEM and named subsidiaries; it does not identify mine origin.
1 source
1. GEM Co., Ltd. 2024 Semi-Annual Report ↗
  GEM · Published 2024-08 · Checked 2026-09-17
  Crude cobalt hydroxide raw materials
  Printed pages 86–88, Section 4 Other material contracts: EcoPro BM and Glencore International AG rows; executed amounts during reporting period.
Glencore SK Innovation
Historical · Evidence as of 2022-09-29
Offtake agreement
SK Innovation's battery business contracted for 30,000 tonnes of cobalt during 2020–2025. SK On, separated in 2021, retrospectively described this contract; the 2019 signatory was SK Innovation.
2 sources
1. SK On signs MOU with Global Lithium Resources to Bolster Key Battery Materials Supply Chain ↗
  SK · Published 2022-09-29 · Checked 2026-09-17
  to secure cobalt for six years from 2020 to 2025.
  Supply-chain background paragraph beginning In June; About SK On identifies October 2021 spin-off.
2. SK Innovation, Glencore sign 6-year cobalt supply deal ↗
  Yonhap News Agency · Published 2019-12-04 · Checked 2026-09-17
  SK Innovation will receive a total of 30,000 tons of cobalt
  Main article, first two paragraphs.
Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Stellantis
Historical · Evidence as of 2022-04-20
Disclosed in supply chain of
Named in Stellantis's April 2022 cobalt-refiner list; direct purchasing and mine origin unspecified.
1 source
1. Refiners in our direct material supply chain for high-voltage batteries ↗
  Stellantis · Checked 2026-09-17
  This list represents our findings as of April 20, 2022.
  PDF p.1 scope and footnote; p.2 named refiner table, material column includes cobalt. September filename is not reporting date.
Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt LG Chem
Reported · Evidence as of 2023-06
Reported supply
Huayou reported that its high-nickel ternary precursor entered mass-production use in LG Chem's cathode materials in June 2023. This company-reported application does not identify mine origin or shipment quantities.
1 source
1. First Mass Production to Extend Battery Life by Over 30%! ↗
  Huayou Cobalt · Published 2023-07-10 · Checked 2026-09-17
  successfully applying its high-nickel ternary precursor product to LG Chem's next-generation high-nickel monocrystalline cathode materials
  Main text paragraphs 1–3 (lines 317–319), event June 2023, project development timeline.
Hunan Brunp Recycling Technology Stellantis
Historical · Evidence as of 2022-04-20
Disclosed in supply chain of
Named in Stellantis's April 2022 cobalt-refiner list; direct purchasing and mine origin unspecified.
1 source
1. Refiners in our direct material supply chain for high-voltage batteries ↗
  Stellantis · Checked 2026-09-17
  This list represents our findings as of April 20, 2022.
  PDF p.1 scope and footnote; p.2 named refiner table, material column includes cobalt. September filename is not reporting date.
Jingmen GEM Stellantis
Historical · Evidence as of 2022-04-20
Disclosed in supply chain of
Named in Stellantis's April 2022 cobalt-refiner list; direct purchasing and mine origin unspecified.
1 source
1. Refiners in our direct material supply chain for high-voltage batteries ↗
  Stellantis · Checked 2026-09-17
  This list represents our findings as of April 20, 2022.
  PDF p.1 scope and footnote; p.2 named refiner table, material column includes cobalt. September filename is not reporting date.
LG Chem General Motors
Announced · Evidence as of 2025-01-07
Offtake agreement
LG Chem's January 2025 review confirms a 2024 agreement for over 500,000 tonnes of cathode materials during 2026–2035. Its earlier 2022 NCMA agreement is context, not an additional quantity to sum.
2 sources
1. LG Chem and General Motors Reach Agreement for Long-Term Supply of Cathode Active Material ↗
  LG · Published 2022-07-27 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The cathode materials that LG Chem plans to supply are NCMA (nickel, cobalt, manganese and aluminum) cathode materials
  July 26 announcement dateline; binding agreement and 2022–2030 supply paragraphs; NCMA paragraph.
2. Top 10 News of LG Chem 2024 ↗
  LG Chem · Published 2025-01-07 · Checked 2026-09-17
  LG Chem has signed an $18 billion-scale cathode supply contract with North America’s GM.
  Section 3, Sign an $18 Billion Cathode Supply Contract with GM, 2026–2035 delivery plan.
LG Energy Solution Toyota Motor North America
Announced · Evidence as of 2023-10-06
Offtake agreement
LG Energy Solution announced a long-term agreement for NCMA battery modules with Toyota Motor North America, planning annual capacity of 20 GWh from 2025. This announcement does not verify commencement.
1 source
1. LG Energy Solution and Toyota Sign Long-term Battery Supply Agreement ↗
  LG · Published 2023-10-06 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The battery modules, consisting of high-nickel NCMA (nickel, cobalt, manganese, aluminum) pouch-type cells
  October 4 announcement dateline; first two body paragraphs; Michigan production paragraph.
Metalkol RTR Electra Battery Materials
Historical · Evidence as of 2024-04-02
Planned material origin
ERG and Electra explicitly identified Metalkol as the planned cobalt-hydroxide origin in their 2024 arrangement. The mine site did not sign this agreement; shipment is unconfirmed.
1 source
1. Electra and Eurasian Resources Group Sign Cobalt Supply Agreement ↗
  Electra Battery Materials · Published 2024-04-02 · Checked 2026-09-17
  Cobalt will come from ERG’s Metalkol operation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  Opening binding-LOI paragraph and first/third bullets.
Metalkol RTR EVelution Energy
Announced · Evidence as of 2023-10-11
Planned material origin
The preliminary ERG–EVelution agreement named Metalkol as planned feedstock origin. This is a project-origin statement, not a direct mine contract or observed shipment.
1 source
1. EVelution Energy Inks Five-Year Supply Agreement for its Cobalt Processing Facility with Eurasian Resources Group ↗
  EVelution Energy · Published 2023-10-11 · Checked 2026-09-17
  ERG plans to supply cobalt hydroxide from its flagship Metalkol production facility in the DRC.
  First three paragraphs; agreement explicitly preliminary.
POSCO Future M LG Energy Solution
Announced · Evidence as of 2023-04-26
Offtake agreement
POSCO Future M announced an NCM/NCMA cathode-material supply contract covering 2023–2029.
1 source
1. POSCO Future M receives order for high-nickel cathode materials from LG Energy Solution ↗
  POSCO Future M · Published 2023-04-26 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The products supplied by POSCO Future M are high-nickel NCM and NCMA cathode materials
  Opening contract paragraphs; Major orders won table, separate LGES, Samsung and two Ultium NCMA rows.
POSCO Future M Samsung SDI
Announced · Evidence as of 2023-02-15 · From 2023-01-30
Offtake agreement
POSCO Chemical, subsequently POSCO Future M, signed a ten-year NCA cathode-material supply contract on January 30, 2023, covering 2023–2032.
2 sources
1. POSCO Future M receives order for high-nickel cathode materials from LG Energy Solution ↗
  POSCO Future M · Published 2023-04-26 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The products supplied by POSCO Future M are high-nickel NCM and NCMA cathode materials
  Opening contract paragraphs; Major orders won table, separate LGES, Samsung and two Ultium NCMA rows.
2. POSCO Chemical lands cathode materials supply contract for Samsung SDI’s batteries ↗
  POSCO Group · Published 2023-02-15 · Checked 2026-09-17
  supply high-nickel NCA cathode materials for electric vehicle batteries to Samsung SDI
  Main article paragraph beginning On the 30th; NCA definition immediately below.
POSCO Future M Ultium Cells
Historical · Evidence as of 2022-07
Offtake agreement
POSCO's contract table records a July 2022 NCMA agreement with Ultium Cells covering 2023–2025. This historical tranche is separate from the later 2025–2033 contract.
1 source
1. POSCO Future M receives order for high-nickel cathode materials from LG Energy Solution ↗
  POSCO Future M · Published 2023-04-26 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The products supplied by POSCO Future M are high-nickel NCM and NCMA cathode materials
  Opening contract paragraphs; Major orders won table, separate LGES, Samsung and two Ultium NCMA rows.
POSCO Future M Ultium Cells
Announced · Evidence as of 2022-05
Offtake agreement
POSCO's contract table records a May 2022 NCMA agreement with Ultium Cells covering 2025–2033.
1 source
1. POSCO Future M receives order for high-nickel cathode materials from LG Energy Solution ↗
  POSCO Future M · Published 2023-04-26 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The products supplied by POSCO Future M are high-nickel NCM and NCMA cathode materials
  Opening contract paragraphs; Major orders won table, separate LGES, Samsung and two Ultium NCMA rows.
POSCO Future M Ultium Cells
Reported · Evidence as of 2025-07-26
Reported supply
POSCO reported a July 26, 2025 shipment of NCMA cathode materials to Ultium Cells, using precursors produced at its Gwangyang site. This confirms a reported shipment without tracing cobalt to a mine.
1 source
1. POSCO Future M makes first shipment of supply chain independent cathode materials to the United States ↗
  POSCO · Published 2025-08-13 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The cathode materials shipped for the first time on July 26
  Main text paragraphs 2–3 (lines 42–43): NCMA chemistry, Ultium Cells recipient, July 26 shipment.
Quzhou Huayou Cobalt New Material Stellantis
Historical · Evidence as of 2022-04-20
Disclosed in supply chain of
Named in Stellantis's April 2022 cobalt-refiner list; direct purchasing and mine origin unspecified.
1 source
1. Refiners in our direct material supply chain for high-voltage batteries ↗
  Stellantis · Checked 2026-09-17
  This list represents our findings as of April 20, 2022.
  PDF p.1 scope and footnote; p.2 named refiner table, material column includes cobalt. September filename is not reporting date.
Umicore LG Chem
Historical · Evidence as of 2019-09-24
Offtake agreement
LG Chem announced a 125,000-tonne NCM cathode-material purchase agreement starting in 2020. This records the 2019 agreement, without establishing current deliveries.
1 source
1. LG Chem signs cathode supply contract with Umicore ↗
  LG · Published 2019-09-24 · Checked 2026-09-17
  LG화학은 2020년부터 총 12만 5천톤의 양극재를 공급받게 된다.
  Main article, paragraphs 2–3; NCM definition and regional supply paragraphs.
Umicore Samsung SDI
Historical · Evidence as of 2019-10-24
Offtake agreement
Umicore announced a multi-year agreement for almost 80,000 tonnes of NMC cathode materials, starting in 2020; historical agreement evidence.
1 source
1. Umicore announces strategic supply agreement with Samsung SDI for NMC cathode materials ↗
  Umicore · Published 2019-10-24 · Checked 2026-09-17
  Umicore has signed a multi-year strategic agreement with Samsung SDI
  Opening paragraph; NMC product, start in 2020 and regional plants.
Entreprise Générale du Cobalt EVelution Energy
Announced · Evidence as of 2026-05-13
Supports
Under the May 2026 tripartite MoU, EGC is expected to originate cobalt for proposed US processing via Trafigura. This records a conditional framework, not a binding offtake or actual flow.
1 source
1. EGC, EVelution Energy and Trafigura sign MOU to establish direct U.S.–DRC cobalt supply chain ↗
  Trafigura · Published 2026-05-13 · Checked 2026-09-16
  The parties have agreed to advance discussions toward definitive long-term commercial agreements over the coming months.
  Opening and Planned Commercial Structure; Supporting U.S. Industrial Policy states construction expected early 2027 and completion end 2029.
Entreprise Générale du Cobalt Kasulo — artisanal zone
Announced · Evidence as of 2026-03-25
Supports
The March 2026 MoU proposes formalisation and development of Kasulo and its supply chain. It does not verify mine deliveries or transfer of operating rights.
1 source
1. Mercuria and EGC Sign Strategic MOU to Develop Responsible Cobalt Supply Chain in the DRC ↗
  Mercuria · Published 2026-03-26 · Checked 2026-09-16
  to collaborate on the formalization and development of the Kasulo mine site in Kolwezi
  Opening paragraph. Event dateline 25 March; web publication 26 March. Full body directly fetched; MoU does not establish deliveries.
Entreprise Générale du Cobalt Mercuria
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-02-09
Reported supply
Mercuria reports its first copper and cobalt transaction with EGC. No originating mine, cobalt destination or cobalt volume is established.
1 source
1. Mercuria purchases first Copper and Cobalt from Entreprise Générale du Cobalt ↗
  Mercuria · Published 2026-02-09 · Checked 2026-09-16
  its first copper and cobalt transaction with Entreprise Générale du Cobalt
  Opening paragraph. Named destinations later in release concern copper cathodes, not cobalt. Full body directly fetched after web-tool timeout.
Entreprise Générale du Cobalt Trafigura
Announced · Evidence as of 2020-11-23
Offtake agreement
The announced agreement included finance for controlled artisanal zones and traceable cobalt hydroxide delivery. It is not proof that a named mine supplied Trafigura.
2 sources
1. EGC enters into a trading agreement with Trafigura ↗
  Trafigura · Published 2020-11-23 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Entreprise Générale du Cobalt (“EGC”) has today announced the signing of a trading agreement with Trafigura Pte Ltd (“Trafigura”).
  Opening paragraph; paragraphs 2–4 describe finance, prospective delivery, technical committee and Mutoshi pilot.
2. Trafigura Annual Report 2021 ↗
  Trafigura · Published 2021 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Trafigura also continues to supply its customers with cobalt hydroxide from its long-term commercial collaborator Shalina Resources
  Printed page 24 (PDF page 26), Cobalt; also states Mutoshi pilot did not restart in 2021.
EITI-DRC / ITIE-RDC Her Security
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-17
Supports
Implementing partner.
2 sources
1. Her Security: Promoting Due Diligence and Improving Women’s Security ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2025-02 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The implementation of the project is supported by the Responsible Minerals Initiative and Bloom by IMPACT.
  PDF p.1 EU funding; p.7 About the Implementing Partners and In Collaboration With; p.8 Canadian headquarters
2. Her Security ↗
  IMPACT · Checked 2026-09-17
  Bon Pasteur, EITI-DRC
  Project dates 2024–2028; Partners section; What We Are Doing
European Partnership for Responsible Minerals Holistic Due Diligence
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-17
Supports
Sponsor.
1 source
1. Holistic Due Diligence Framework for Energy Transition Minerals ↗
  Nashiriki · Checked 2026-09-17
  A coalition of implementers, partners and observers.
  Who’s involved: EPRM/TMB sponsors, FCA partner, Umicore observer, Hive coordinator, La Sentinelle implementer
Eurasian Resources Group (ERG)Metalkol RTR
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-16
Operates
ERG describes Metalkol as its cobalt-copper tailings processing operation.
3 sources
1. Cobalt division ↗
  Eurasian Resources Group · Checked 2026-09-16
  ERG’s Metalkol processes oxide cobalt/copper tailings to produce cobalt hydroxide
  Cobalt division, final operational description
2. Environmental Stewardship ↗
  ERG Africa · Checked 2026-09-16
  Dry-stacked at the dust-emitting Kingamyambo Tailings Dam (approximately 30 million tonnes)
  Tailings processing at Metalkol (also Musonoi River valley)
3. Beneath the Green: industrial cobalt mining ↗
  RAID / AFREWATCH · Published 2024-03-27 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Tenke Fungurume Mining (owned by CMOC); Metalkol (Eurasian Resources Group)
  Further background; all five operations and parent groups identified
European Union Her Security
Reported · Evidence as of 2025-02
Supports
Funds the programme.
1 source
1. Her Security: Promoting Due Diligence and Improving Women’s Security ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2025-02 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The implementation of the project is supported by the Responsible Minerals Initiative and Bloom by IMPACT.
  PDF p.1 funding; p.7 In Collaboration With and implementation support
European Union Mapping Payments
Historical · Evidence as of 2023
Supports
Listed donor.
1 source
1. IMPACT Annual Report 2022–2023 ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2023 · Checked 2026-09-17
  the cobalt supply chain
  Printed pp.24–25 (PDF pp.26–27), Spotlighted Projects: ASM Cobalt Framework, Her Security, Mapping Payments; legend identifies donors
Fair Cobalt Alliance Holistic Due Diligence
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-17
Supports
Programme partner.
1 source
1. Holistic Due Diligence Framework for Energy Transition Minerals ↗
  Nashiriki · Checked 2026-09-17
  A coalition of implementers, partners and observers.
  Who’s involved: EPRM/TMB sponsors, FCA partner, Umicore observer, Hive coordinator, La Sentinelle implementer
Fair Cobalt Alliance Kamilombe
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-16
Supports
FCA describes assistance to Kamilombe miners in collaboration with CMDS.
1 source
1. Local Partners ↗
  Fair Cobalt Alliance · Checked 2026-09-16
  artisanal miners from the Kapata community, who work at the Kamilombe mine site.
  Our Partners / CMDS, final paragraph.
Gécamines MRI — tender recipient
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-01-29
Marketing allocation
Named recipient of Kambove copper-cobalt lots in a joint allocation notice. Cobalt share per trader and delivered volumes are undisclosed; source has a conflicting body date.
1 source
1. Attribution des lots cuivre et cobalt de Gécamines dans sa JV Kambove Mining ↗
  Gécamines · Published 2026-01-29 · Checked 2026-09-16
  aux sociétés internationales de trading, VITOL et MRI.
  Opening two paragraphs. Header says 29 January 2026; body dateline says 2025 despite citing end-2025 consultation and 2026 targets. Date conflict retained.
Gécamines Vitol
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-01-29
Marketing allocation
Named recipient of Kambove copper-cobalt lots in a joint allocation notice. Cobalt share per trader and delivered volumes are undisclosed; source has a conflicting body date.
1 source
1. Attribution des lots cuivre et cobalt de Gécamines dans sa JV Kambove Mining ↗
  Gécamines · Published 2026-01-29 · Checked 2026-09-16
  aux sociétés internationales de trading, VITOL et MRI.
  Opening two paragraphs. Header says 29 January 2026; body dateline says 2025 despite citing end-2025 consultation and 2026 targets. Date conflict retained.
Gécamines Kambove Mining
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-01-29
Markets for
Gécamines reports rights to market equity-linked copper-cobalt lots from Kambove Mining. Source header 2026 conflicts with body dateline 2025.
1 source
1. Attribution des lots cuivre et cobalt de Gécamines dans sa JV Kambove Mining ↗
  Gécamines · Published 2026-01-29 · Checked 2026-09-16
  aux sociétés internationales de trading, VITOL et MRI.
  Opening two paragraphs. Header says 29 January 2026; body dateline says 2025 despite citing end-2025 consultation and 2026 targets. Date conflict retained.
Gécamines Entreprise Générale du Cobalt
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-16
Owns
Gécamines lists EGC as a subsidiary; no share percentage is inferred.
2 sources
1. Nos filiales ↗
  Gécamines · Checked 2026-09-16
  Entreprise Générale du Cobalt SA, « EGC » est une filiale de GECAMINES créée en 2019
  EGC subsection; undated page, checked September 2026.
2. Mercuria and EGC Sign Strategic MOU to Develop Responsible Cobalt Supply Chain in the DRC ↗
  Mercuria · Published 2026-03-26 · Checked 2026-09-16
  to collaborate on the formalization and development of the Kasulo mine site in Kolwezi
  Opening paragraph. Event dateline 25 March; web publication 26 March. Full body directly fetched; MoU does not establish deliveries.
Glencore GEM
Historical · Evidence as of 2019-10-07 · From 2020-01-01 · Until 2024-12-31
Offtake agreement
The October 2019 announcement covered cobalt hydroxide supply during 2020–2024. The stated contract period has ended; no renewal or delivered volume is established here.
1 source
1. China’s GEM Co. Ltd and Glencore extend their long-term strategic cobalt partnership ↗
  Glencore · Published 2019-10-07 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Under the terms of the agreement, Glencore will provide a minimum of 61,200 tonnes of Cobalt for GEM between 2020 and 2024.
  Opening two paragraphs; company profile in Notes for Editors.
Glencore Kamoto Copper Company (KCC)
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-16
Owns
Glencore identifies KCC as its DRC industrial asset and a partnership with Gécamines.
2 sources
1. Our operations ↗
  Glencore · Checked 2026-09-16
  Glencore operates two industrial assets producing copper and cobalt in the DRC
  Our operations, paragraph naming KCC and Mutanda
2. Beneath the Green: industrial cobalt mining ↗
  RAID / AFREWATCH · Published 2024-03-27 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Tenke Fungurume Mining (owned by CMOC); Metalkol (Eurasian Resources Group)
  Further background; all five operations and parent groups identified
Glencore Mutanda Mining (MUMI)
Historical · Evidence as of 2024
Owns
USGS identifies Mutanda Mining as a Glencore subsidiary in its 2024 review.
1 source
1. Congo (Kinshasa): 2024 mineral industry report ↗
  USGS · Checked 2026-09-16
  Kamoto Copper Co., a joint venture between Katanga Mining Ltd. (a subsidiary of Glencore plc.) and Gécamines
  2024 Report > Commodity Review > Cobalt and Copper, paragraphs by operator
Glencore Samsung SDI
Historical · Evidence as of 2020-02-10 · From 2020-01-01 · Until 2024-12-31
Offtake agreement
The five-year agreement covered 2020–2024 and specified DRC industrial mining origin without naming individual mines. Its stated period has ended.
1 source
1. Samsung SDI and Glencore extend their long term strategic cobalt partnership ↗
  Glencore · Published 2020-02-10 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Glencore has today signed a five year agreement with Samsung SDI for the supply of cobalt hydroxide.
  Opening three paragraphs: agreement, 2020–2024 period and DRC industrial mining origin.
Glencore Umicore
Announced · Evidence as of 2019-05-29 · From 2019-05-29
Offtake agreement
A long-term revolving cobalt hydroxide supply agreement was announced in May 2019, naming KCC and Mutanda as origins.
1 source
1. Umicore and Glencore develop partnership for sustainable cobalt supply in battery materials ↗
  Glencore and Umicore · Published 2019-05-29 · Checked 2026-09-16
  The cobalt will be sourced from Glencore’s state-of-the art industrial mining operations, KCC and Mutanda, located in the DRC.
  PDF page 1, first paragraph. Explicit origin under an agreement; not evidence of individual shipments.
Good Shepherd International Foundation Her Security
Reported · Evidence as of 2025-02
Supports
Collaborates on implementation.
1 source
1. Her Security: Promoting Due Diligence and Improving Women’s Security ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2025-02 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The implementation of the project is supported by the Responsible Minerals Initiative and Bloom by IMPACT.
  PDF p.1 funding; p.7 In Collaboration With and implementation support
Good Shepherd International Foundation Her Security — Phase 1
Historical · Evidence as of 2023
Supports
Named partner in the research phase.
2 sources
1. Her Security: Women’s Security as a Pathway to Improved Livelihoods ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2022-06 · Checked 2026-09-17
  through the Responsible Business Alliance Foundation.
  PDF pp.2–3: Lualaba field research, implementing partners and final funding paragraph
2. Her Security – Phase 1 ↗
  IMPACT · Checked 2026-09-17
  Bon Pasteur, Good Shepherd International Foundation
  Project Date (Start)/(End), 2022–2023; Partners section
Government of Canada Coexisting for Sustainability
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-08-26
Supports
Funds the announced 24-month programme.
1 source
1. IMPACT Launches Coexisting for Sustainability in Kolwezi ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2026-08-26 · Checked 2026-09-17
  Funded by the Government of Canada, this 24-month project
  Opening dated August 26, 2026; Three Areas of Action; Next Steps After the Launch
Hive Holistic Due Diligence
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-17
Supports
Coordinator.
1 source
1. Holistic Due Diligence Framework for Energy Transition Minerals ↗
  Nashiriki · Checked 2026-09-17
  A coalition of implementers, partners and observers.
  Who’s involved: EPRM/TMB sponsors, FCA partner, Umicore observer, Hive coordinator, La Sentinelle implementer
Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Congo Dongfang International Mining (CDM)
Historical · Evidence as of 2016-01-19
Owns
Amnesty’s 2016 investigation documented CDM as a wholly owned Huayou subsidiary; this ownership claim is retained with its historical date.
2 sources
1. Child labour behind smart phone and electric car batteries ↗
  Amnesty International · Published 2016-01-19 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Huayou Cobalt supplies cobalt to three lithium-ion battery component manufacturers Ningbo Shanshan and Tianjin Bamo from China and L&F Materials from South Korea.
  Following the supply chain – corporate shame. The next sentence dates the purchases to 2013. Same investigation as trade-amnesty-cobalt-report-2016, not independent corroboration.
2. This is what we die for: Human rights abuses in the DRC power the global trade in cobalt ↗
  Amnesty International and Afrewatch · Published 2016-01-19 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM is a wholly and directly owned subsidiary of Huayou Cobalt.
  Printed page 52 (PDF page 52), From Congo to China; printed page 56 (PDF page 56), battery-component clients. Historical evidence cites 2013–2014 company documents.
Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt L&F Materials
Historical · Evidence as of 2013 · From 2013-01-01 · Until 2013-12-31
Reported supply
Amnesty identified L&F Materials as a buyer of Huayou cobalt using 2013 sales records. This is a historical customer relationship, not current supply verification.
2 sources
1. Child labour behind smart phone and electric car batteries ↗
  Amnesty International · Published 2016-01-19 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Huayou Cobalt supplies cobalt to three lithium-ion battery component manufacturers Ningbo Shanshan and Tianjin Bamo from China and L&F Materials from South Korea.
  Following the supply chain – corporate shame. The next sentence dates the purchases to 2013. Same investigation as trade-amnesty-cobalt-report-2016, not independent corroboration.
2. This is what we die for: Human rights abuses in the DRC power the global trade in cobalt ↗
  Amnesty International and Afrewatch · Published 2016-01-19 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM is a wholly and directly owned subsidiary of Huayou Cobalt.
  Printed page 52 (PDF page 52), From Congo to China; printed page 56 (PDF page 56), battery-component clients. Historical evidence cites 2013–2014 company documents.
Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Ningbo Shanshan
Historical · Evidence as of 2013 · From 2013-01-01 · Until 2013-12-31
Reported supply
Amnesty identified Ningbo Shanshan as a buyer of Huayou cobalt using 2013 sales records. This is a historical customer relationship, not current supply verification.
2 sources
1. Child labour behind smart phone and electric car batteries ↗
  Amnesty International · Published 2016-01-19 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Huayou Cobalt supplies cobalt to three lithium-ion battery component manufacturers Ningbo Shanshan and Tianjin Bamo from China and L&F Materials from South Korea.
  Following the supply chain – corporate shame. The next sentence dates the purchases to 2013. Same investigation as trade-amnesty-cobalt-report-2016, not independent corroboration.
2. This is what we die for: Human rights abuses in the DRC power the global trade in cobalt ↗
  Amnesty International and Afrewatch · Published 2016-01-19 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM is a wholly and directly owned subsidiary of Huayou Cobalt.
  Printed page 52 (PDF page 52), From Congo to China; printed page 56 (PDF page 56), battery-component clients. Historical evidence cites 2013–2014 company documents.
Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Tianjin Bamo
Historical · Evidence as of 2013 · From 2013-01-01 · Until 2013-12-31
Reported supply
Amnesty identified Tianjin Bamo as a buyer of Huayou cobalt using 2013 sales records. This is a historical customer relationship, not current supply verification.
2 sources
1. Child labour behind smart phone and electric car batteries ↗
  Amnesty International · Published 2016-01-19 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Huayou Cobalt supplies cobalt to three lithium-ion battery component manufacturers Ningbo Shanshan and Tianjin Bamo from China and L&F Materials from South Korea.
  Following the supply chain – corporate shame. The next sentence dates the purchases to 2013. Same investigation as trade-amnesty-cobalt-report-2016, not independent corroboration.
2. This is what we die for: Human rights abuses in the DRC power the global trade in cobalt ↗
  Amnesty International and Afrewatch · Published 2016-01-19 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM is a wholly and directly owned subsidiary of Huayou Cobalt.
  Printed page 52 (PDF page 52), From Congo to China; printed page 56 (PDF page 56), battery-component clients. Historical evidence cites 2013–2014 company documents.
IMPACT ASM Cobalt Framework
Historical · Evidence as of 2023
Supports
Facilitated workshops on updated criteria.
1 source
1. IMPACT Annual Report 2022–2023 ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2023 · Checked 2026-09-17
  the cobalt supply chain
  Printed pp.24–25 (PDF pp.26–27), Spotlighted Projects: ASM Cobalt Framework, Her Security, Mapping Payments; legend identifies donors
IMPACT Coexisting for Sustainability
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-08-26
Supports
Launched the programme in Kolwezi on 26 August 2026.
2 sources
1. IMPACT Launches Coexisting for Sustainability in Kolwezi ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2026-08-26 · Checked 2026-09-17
  Funded by the Government of Canada, this 24-month project
  Opening dated August 26, 2026; Three Areas of Action; Next Steps After the Launch
2. Coexisting for Sustainability ↗
  IMPACT · Checked 2026-09-17
  Stability and Security of Mining Communities in Democratic Republic of Congo
  Goal, What We Are Doing, Project dates 2026–2028 and Natural Resource: Cobalt & Copper
IMPACT Her Security
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-17
Supports
Implements the 2024–2028 programme.
2 sources
1. Her Security: Promoting Due Diligence and Improving Women’s Security ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2025-02 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The implementation of the project is supported by the Responsible Minerals Initiative and Bloom by IMPACT.
  PDF p.1 EU funding; p.7 About the Implementing Partners and In Collaboration With; p.8 Canadian headquarters
2. Her Security ↗
  IMPACT · Checked 2026-09-17
  Bon Pasteur, EITI-DRC
  Project dates 2024–2028; Partners section; What We Are Doing
IMPACT Her Security — Phase 1
Historical · Evidence as of 2023
Supports
Led the completed research phase.
2 sources
1. Her Security: Women’s Security as a Pathway to Improved Livelihoods ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2022-06 · Checked 2026-09-17
  through the Responsible Business Alliance Foundation.
  PDF pp.2–3: Lualaba field research, implementing partners and final funding paragraph
2. Her Security – Phase 1 ↗
  IMPACT · Checked 2026-09-17
  Bon Pasteur, Good Shepherd International Foundation
  Project Date (Start)/(End), 2022–2023; Partners section
IMPACT Mapping Payments
Historical · Evidence as of 2023
Supports
Implemented cobalt tax and procedure mapping.
1 source
1. IMPACT Annual Report 2022–2023 ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2023 · Checked 2026-09-17
  the cobalt supply chain
  Printed pp.24–25 (PDF pp.26–27), Spotlighted Projects: ASM Cobalt Framework, Her Security, Mapping Payments; legend identifies donors
Jinchuan International Musonoi (Jinchuan)
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-04-09
Operates
Jinchuan reports Musonoi entered commercial production in November 2025.
2 sources
1. Mining Operations ↗
  Jinchuan International · Checked 2026-09-16
  Ruashi Copper-Cobalt Mine, the Musonoi Copper-Cobalt Mine
  Mining Operations, first paragraph
2. Annual results for the year ended 31 December 2025 ↗
  Jinchuan International · Published 2026-04-09 · Checked 2026-09-16
  commencement of commercial production at the Musonoi Mine in November 2025
  Page27, Outlook. Subsequent sentence lists copper cathode, cobalt hydroxide and calcine sand as primary products.
Jinchuan International Ruashi
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-16
Operates
Jinchuan International lists this copper-cobalt mine among its operations.
1 source
1. Mining Operations ↗
  Jinchuan International · Checked 2026-09-16
  Ruashi Copper-Cobalt Mine, the Musonoi Copper-Cobalt Mine
  Mining Operations, first paragraph
Kasulo — artisanal zone Congo Dongfang International Mining (CDM)
Historical · Evidence as of 2025-07-15
Reported supply
Named among Kasulo’s principal buyers by the 2025 report. Volumes, contract terms and current purchasing are not established.
1 source
1. Contribution à la mobilisation des ressources domestiques au travers de l’amélioration de la gouvernance de la filière artisanale cuivre-cobalt ↗
  ITIE-RDC / EITI · Published 2025-11 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM et THOMAS sont les principaux acheteurs des produits de Kasulo.
  Printed p.171, Kasulo paragraph, sentence naming CDM and Thomas as principal buyers.
Kasulo — artisanal zone Thomas — Kasulo buyer
Historical · Evidence as of 2025-07-15
Reported supply
Named among Kasulo’s principal buyers by the 2025 report. Volumes, contract terms and current purchasing are not established.
1 source
1. Contribution à la mobilisation des ressources domestiques au travers de l’amélioration de la gouvernance de la filière artisanale cuivre-cobalt ↗
  ITIE-RDC / EITI · Published 2025-11 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM et THOMAS sont les principaux acheteurs des produits de Kasulo.
  Printed p.171, Kasulo paragraph, sentence naming CDM and Thomas as principal buyers.
Kamoto Copper Company (KCC)Kamoto Underground (KTO)
Historical · Evidence as of 2024
Operates
Listed as a KCC copper-cobalt mining operation for 2024.
1 source
1. Congo (Kinshasa): 2024 mineral industry report ↗
  USGS · Checked 2026-09-16
  Kamoto Copper Co., a joint venture between Katanga Mining Ltd. (a subsidiary of Glencore plc.) and Gécamines
  2024 Report > Commodity Review > Cobalt and Copper, paragraphs by operator
Kamoto Copper Company (KCC)Kamoto Oliveira Virgule (KOV)
Historical · Evidence as of 2024
Operates
Listed as a KCC copper-cobalt mining operation for 2024.
1 source
1. Congo (Kinshasa): 2024 mineral industry report ↗
  USGS · Checked 2026-09-16
  Kamoto Copper Co., a joint venture between Katanga Mining Ltd. (a subsidiary of Glencore plc.) and Gécamines
  2024 Report > Commodity Review > Cobalt and Copper, paragraphs by operator
Kamoto Copper Company (KCC)Mashamba East
Historical · Evidence as of 2024
Operates
Listed as a KCC copper-cobalt mining operation for 2024.
1 source
1. Congo (Kinshasa): 2024 mineral industry report ↗
  USGS · Checked 2026-09-16
  Kamoto Copper Co., a joint venture between Katanga Mining Ltd. (a subsidiary of Glencore plc.) and Gécamines
  2024 Report > Commodity Review > Cobalt and Copper, paragraphs by operator
Kamoto Copper Company (KCC)Umicore
Historical · Evidence as of 2019-05-29 · From 2019-05-29
Planned material origin
KCC was explicitly named as an origin under the Glencore–Umicore agreement. This edge records intended sourcing, not a separate KCC-signed contract or a verified shipment.
1 source
1. Umicore and Glencore develop partnership for sustainable cobalt supply in battery materials ↗
  Glencore and Umicore · Published 2019-05-29 · Checked 2026-09-16
  The cobalt will be sourced from Glencore’s state-of-the art industrial mining operations, KCC and Mutanda, located in the DRC.
  PDF page 1, first paragraph. Explicit origin under an agreement; not evidence of individual shipments.
La Jeunesse — Kinsuka Kinsuka
Historical · Evidence as of 2025-07-15
Operates
Cooperative-site association explicitly recorded in the 2025 report; no exclusive operating right is inferred.
1 source
1. Contribution à la mobilisation des ressources domestiques au travers de l’amélioration de la gouvernance de la filière artisanale cuivre-cobalt ↗
  ITIE-RDC / EITI · Published 2025-11 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM et THOMAS sont les principaux acheteurs des produits de Kasulo.
  Printed p.253, Annex II, row 22; also p.188, cooperative table, row 20.
La Sentinelle Holistic Due Diligence
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-17
Supports
Local implementer.
1 source
1. Holistic Due Diligence Framework for Energy Transition Minerals ↗
  Nashiriki · Checked 2026-09-17
  A coalition of implementers, partners and observers.
  Who’s involved: EPRM/TMB sponsors, FCA partner, Umicore observer, Hive coordinator, La Sentinelle implementer
Maadini Ya Maendeleo Tshipuki
Historical · Evidence as of 2025-05
Operates
Listed as a cooperative working this site in the May 2025 table; this does not imply exclusive control or ownership.
1 source
1. Contribution à la mobilisation des ressources domestiques au travers de l’amélioration de la gouvernance de la filière artisanale cuivre-cobalt ↗
  ITIE-RDC / EITI · Published 2025-11 · Checked 2026-09-16
  CDM et THOMAS sont les principaux acheteurs des produits de Kasulo.
  Printed p.186, Table 27, row 8.
Mercuria Kasulo — artisanal zone
Announced · Evidence as of 2026-03-25
Supports
The March 2026 MoU proposes formalisation and development of Kasulo and its supply chain. It does not verify mine deliveries or transfer of operating rights.
1 source
1. Mercuria and EGC Sign Strategic MOU to Develop Responsible Cobalt Supply Chain in the DRC ↗
  Mercuria · Published 2026-03-26 · Checked 2026-09-16
  to collaborate on the formalization and development of the Kasulo mine site in Kolwezi
  Opening paragraph. Event dateline 25 March; web publication 26 March. Full body directly fetched; MoU does not establish deliveries.
Mercuria Gécamines
Reported · Evidence as of 2025-12-05
Supports
Gécamines reports an operational trading partnership with Mercuria providing logistics, market access and financing support.
1 source
1. Gécamines et Mercuria lancent un partenariat dédié au commerce du cuivre et du cobalt en RDC ↗
  Gécamines · Published 2025-12-05 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Le partenariat est déjà opérationnel
  Opening and partnership structure; operational statement near end. DFC investment is prospective interest, not completed equity.
Missio Austria Her Security
Reported · Evidence as of 2025-02
Supports
Collaborates on implementation.
1 source
1. Her Security: Promoting Due Diligence and Improving Women’s Security ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2025-02 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The implementation of the project is supported by the Responsible Minerals Initiative and Bloom by IMPACT.
  PDF p.1 funding; p.7 In Collaboration With and implementation support
MMG Kinsevere
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-04-21
Operates
MMG operates Kinsevere; its April 2026 report separates ongoing copper operations, suspended cobalt production and inventory-based cobalt exports.
3 sources
1. First Quarter Production Report 2026 ↗
  MMG · Published 2026-04-21 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Cobalt production remains on hold as the plant is in care and maintenance.
  Page7, Kinsevere 2026 Outlook; preceding sentence says exports resumed from on-site inventory, separate from production.
2. Fourth Quarter Production Report 2025 ↗
  MMG · Published 2026-01-22 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Cobalt production in the fourth quarter remained nil
  Kinsevere Quarterly and Full-Year 2025 Operational Performance; cobalt plant care and maintenance throughout 2025
3. Fourth Quarter Production Report 2023 ↗
  MMG · Published 2024-01-30 · Checked 2026-09-16
  The cobalt plant was commissioned in the fourth quarter, and the first production of cobalt hydroxide was achieved.
  Kinsevere expansion project update
Mutanda Mining (MUMI)Mutanda
Historical · Evidence as of 2024
Operates
Mutanda Mining operated the mine and refinery in the USGS 2024 review.
1 source
1. Congo (Kinshasa): 2024 mineral industry report ↗
  USGS · Checked 2026-09-16
  Kamoto Copper Co., a joint venture between Katanga Mining Ltd. (a subsidiary of Glencore plc.) and Gécamines
  2024 Report > Commodity Review > Cobalt and Copper, paragraphs by operator
Mutanda Umicore
Historical · Evidence as of 2019-05-29 · From 2019-05-29
Planned material origin
Mutanda was explicitly named as an origin under the Glencore–Umicore agreement. This edge records intended sourcing, not a separate mine-signed contract or a verified shipment.
1 source
1. Umicore and Glencore develop partnership for sustainable cobalt supply in battery materials ↗
  Glencore and Umicore · Published 2019-05-29 · Checked 2026-09-16
  The cobalt will be sourced from Glencore’s state-of-the art industrial mining operations, KCC and Mutanda, located in the DRC.
  PDF page 1, first paragraph. Explicit origin under an agreement; not evidence of individual shipments.
Pact Entreprise Générale du Cobalt
Announced · Evidence as of 2020-11-23
Supports
Pact was named as a participant in the planned EGC technical committee supporting responsible sourcing diligence.
1 source
1. EGC enters into a trading agreement with Trafigura ↗
  Trafigura · Published 2020-11-23 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Entreprise Générale du Cobalt (“EGC”) has today announced the signing of a trading agreement with Trafigura Pte Ltd (“Trafigura”).
  Opening paragraph; paragraphs 2–4 describe finance, prospective delivery, technical committee and Mutoshi pilot.
Pact Mutoshi artisanal pilot (2018–2020)
Historical · Evidence as of 2020-06-22 · From 2018-01 · Until 2020-03
Supports
Pact provided monitoring and technical support to the historical Mutoshi artisanal pilot, suspended in March 2020.
3 sources
1. The Mutoshi pilot project: Local economic impact of a project aimed at formalizing artisanal and small-scale mining ↗
  Pact · Published 2019-12-03 · Checked 2026-09-16
  A pilot project was initiated in January 2018 and is ongoing.
  Report landing-page introduction; names Trafigura, Chemaf, COMIAKOL and Pact as participants. Report commissioned by Trafigura: not independent corroboration of the sponsor.
2. Update on Mutoshi Pilot Project ↗
  Pact · Published 2020-06-22 · Checked 2026-09-16
  operations at the Mutoshi Pilot Project were suspended in March 2020.
  Only article paragraph; reports still closed on publication date.
3. Trafigura Responsibility Report 2018 ↗
  Trafigura · Published 2018 · Checked 2026-09-16
  In 2018, Trafigura signed a three-year cobalt hydroxide marketing agreement with mining company, Chemaf.
  Printed page 21 (PDF page 23), From ASM to semi-mechanised mining at Mutoshi Cobalt; following paragraphs describe COMIAKOL and Pact roles.
Responsible Business Alliance Foundation Her Security — Phase 1
Historical · Evidence as of 2023
Supports
Channelled funding from an unnamed RMI member.
2 sources
1. IMPACT Annual Report 2022–2023 ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2023 · Checked 2026-09-17
  the cobalt supply chain
  Printed pp.24–25 (PDF pp.26–27), Spotlighted Projects: ASM Cobalt Framework, Her Security, Mapping Payments; legend identifies donors
2. Her Security: Women’s Security as a Pathway to Improved Livelihoods ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2022-06 · Checked 2026-09-17
  through the Responsible Business Alliance Foundation.
  PDF pp.2–3: Lualaba field research, implementing partners and final funding paragraph
Responsible Minerals Initiative ASM Cobalt Framework
Historical · Evidence as of 2023
Supports
Listed donor for framework work.
1 source
1. IMPACT Annual Report 2022–2023 ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2023 · Checked 2026-09-17
  the cobalt supply chain
  Printed pp.24–25 (PDF pp.26–27), Spotlighted Projects: ASM Cobalt Framework, Her Security, Mapping Payments; legend identifies donors
Responsible Minerals Initiative Her Security
Reported · Evidence as of 2025-02
Supports
Supports implementation.
1 source
1. Her Security: Promoting Due Diligence and Improving Women’s Security ↗
  IMPACT · Published 2025-02 · Checked 2026-09-17
  The implementation of the project is supported by the Responsible Minerals Initiative and Bloom by IMPACT.
  PDF p.1 funding; p.7 In Collaboration With and implementation support
Shalina Resources Trafigura
Historical · Evidence as of 2021
Reported supply
Trafigura reported supplying customers with cobalt hydroxide from Shalina Resources in its 2021 annual report; no individual mine is identified in that passage.
1 source
1. Trafigura Annual Report 2021 ↗
  Trafigura · Published 2021 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Trafigura also continues to supply its customers with cobalt hydroxide from its long-term commercial collaborator Shalina Resources
  Printed page 24 (PDF page 26), Cobalt; also states Mutoshi pilot did not restart in 2021.
Société Minière de Deziwa (Somidez)Deziwa
Historical · Evidence as of 2024
Operates
USGS associates Somidez’s copper and cobalt exports with the Deziwa mine in 2024.
1 source
1. Congo (Kinshasa): 2024 mineral industry report ↗
  USGS · Checked 2026-09-16
  Kamoto Copper Co., a joint venture between Katanga Mining Ltd. (a subsidiary of Glencore plc.) and Gécamines
  2024 Report > Commodity Review > Cobalt and Copper, paragraphs by operator
Tenke Fungurume (TFM)IXM
Reported · Evidence as of 2022-05-25
Reported supply
CMOC reported that IXM sold all TFM copper and cobalt products and described product traceability on arrival at IXM. This is a 2022 marketing and custody relationship.
1 source
1. Delegation of IXM and international banks visit TFM ↗
  CMOC · Published 2022-05-25 · Checked 2026-09-16
  IXM is a leading global metal trader wholly owned by CMOC and is responsible for selling all of TFM's copper and cobalt products.
  Main article paragraph 1; paragraph 4 discusses warehouse traceability and product arrival at IXM.
Trafigura EVelution Energy
Announced · Evidence as of 2026-05-13
Supports
A May 2026 tripartite MoU envisages Trafigura logistics and marketing for a proposed US cobalt chain. Definitive agreements and future refinery construction remain necessary; no delivered supply is asserted.
1 source
1. EGC, EVelution Energy and Trafigura sign MOU to establish direct U.S.–DRC cobalt supply chain ↗
  Trafigura · Published 2026-05-13 · Checked 2026-09-16
  The parties have agreed to advance discussions toward definitive long-term commercial agreements over the coming months.
  Opening and Planned Commercial Structure; Supporting U.S. Industrial Policy states construction expected early 2027 and completion end 2029.
Trust Merchant Bank Holistic Due Diligence
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-09-17
Supports
Sponsor; access-to-banking role.
1 source
1. Holistic Due Diligence Framework for Energy Transition Minerals ↗
  Nashiriki · Checked 2026-09-17
  A coalition of implementers, partners and observers.
  Who’s involved: EPRM/TMB sponsors, FCA partner, Umicore observer, Hive coordinator, La Sentinelle implementer
Virtus Lloyds Minerals Holding (VLMH)Chemaf
Reported · Evidence as of 2026-03-30
Owns
Lloyds reported VLMH acquired all Chemaf Group shares, including control of Chemaf SA. This records indirect group control.
1 source
1. Completion of acquisition of the CHEMAF Group by Virtus Lloyds Minerals Holding ↗
  Lloyds Metals and Energy · Published 2026-03-30 · Checked 2026-09-16
  VLMH has completed the acquisition 100% equity stake of the CHEMAF Group Limited
  PDF p1 completion and Cayman incorporation; pp3–5 acquired group, Chemaf SA, Etoile operating and Mutoshi construction; p4 designated operator LMEL.
Zijin Mining COMMUS
Historical · Evidence as of 2023-09-12
Owns
The 2023 Amnesty/IBGDH report identifies Zijin as COMMUS’s majority owner.
2 sources
1. Powering Change or Business as Usual? ↗
  Amnesty International / IBGDH · Published 2023-09-12 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Mutoshi is a copper and cobalt mining project, north-east of Kolwezi.
  pp.6–7 executive summary; COMMUS, Chemaf and Metalkol; company responses in annex
2. Beneath the Green: industrial cobalt mining ↗
  RAID / AFREWATCH · Published 2024-03-27 · Checked 2026-09-16
  Tenke Fungurume Mining (owned by CMOC); Metalkol (Eurasian Resources Group)
  Further background; all five operations and parent groups identified