Cobalt processing group linked to CDM and historically documented battery-material customers.
Sources support the description and the individual connections below. Publication and checking dates refer to the evidence, not a guarantee of current operations.
Reported means the cited source describes the relationship at its evidence date. Historical relationships refer to an earlier period. Announced agreements may not have been implemented. None of these labels confirms that trade continues today.
Amnesty documented cobalt hydroxide processed in Lubumbashi and shipped to Huayou in Zhejiang via Durban, citing company documents through 2014.
CDM is a wholly and directly owned subsidiary of Huayou Cobalt.
Named in Stellantis's April 2022 cobalt-refiner list; direct purchasing and mine origin unspecified.
This list represents our findings as of April 20, 2022.
Huayou reported that its high-nickel ternary precursor entered mass-production use in LG Chem's cathode materials in June 2023. This company-reported application does not identify mine origin or shipment quantities.
successfully applying its high-nickel ternary precursor product to LG Chem's next-generation high-nickel monocrystalline cathode materials
Amnesty’s 2016 investigation documented CDM as a wholly owned Huayou subsidiary; this ownership claim is retained with its historical date.
Huayou Cobalt supplies cobalt to three lithium-ion battery component manufacturers Ningbo Shanshan and Tianjin Bamo from China and L&F Materials from South Korea.
CDM is a wholly and directly owned subsidiary of Huayou Cobalt.
Amnesty identified L&F Materials as a buyer of Huayou cobalt using 2013 sales records. This is a historical customer relationship, not current supply verification.
Huayou Cobalt supplies cobalt to three lithium-ion battery component manufacturers Ningbo Shanshan and Tianjin Bamo from China and L&F Materials from South Korea.
CDM is a wholly and directly owned subsidiary of Huayou Cobalt.
Amnesty identified Ningbo Shanshan as a buyer of Huayou cobalt using 2013 sales records. This is a historical customer relationship, not current supply verification.
Huayou Cobalt supplies cobalt to three lithium-ion battery component manufacturers Ningbo Shanshan and Tianjin Bamo from China and L&F Materials from South Korea.
CDM is a wholly and directly owned subsidiary of Huayou Cobalt.
Amnesty identified Tianjin Bamo as a buyer of Huayou cobalt using 2013 sales records. This is a historical customer relationship, not current supply verification.
Huayou Cobalt supplies cobalt to three lithium-ion battery component manufacturers Ningbo Shanshan and Tianjin Bamo from China and L&F Materials from South Korea.
CDM is a wholly and directly owned subsidiary of Huayou Cobalt.