Processing entity at Likasi, in Haut-Katanga, that buys ore from artisanal miners and produces copper concentrates, blister copper and white alloy, which the same report defines as a copper-cobalt alloy. ITIE-RDC's 2025 artisanal report records its purchase of 122,636 tonnes of ore from artisanal miners, for a total of USD 119.826 million, from 21 and then 12 supplier-traders over 2022 and 2023. USGS's 2022 yearbook lists Rubamin SPRL, 80% held by Rubamin FZC, with a smelter at Likasi rated at 25,000 tonnes of copper. The ministry statistics the report reproduces give it no cobalt figure: its place on the cobalt chain rests on the white alloy and its artisanal copper-cobalt feed.
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