The DRC's environmental agency. ITIE-RDC reports it present at artisanal copper-cobalt sites to collect cooperatives' contribution to the costs of rehabilitating artisanal exploitation zones under the mining regulations, and classes that presence as unauthorised but justified. This rests on that single report.
Sources support the description and the individual connections below. Publication and checking dates belong to the evidence: when it was published, and when this Hub last read it.
Reported means the cited source describes the relationship at its evidence date. Historical relationships refer to an earlier period. Announced agreements may not have been implemented. None of these labels confirms that trade continues today.
No sourced relationship is included for this actor or site yet. This does not establish that no relationship exists.